1/15/2024 0 Comments Pathological myopia causesFor instance, in AD, β-amyloid plaques are seen not only in the brain but also in the inner retina ( 15, 16). This strong association between the eye and the central nervous system (CNS) is confirmed by the observation that ophthalmic changes occur during neurogenerative disorders of the CNS ( 12– 14). The eye is often described as a “window into the brain” as considerable amounts of vascular and neuroanatomical information on the brain can be collected in a non-invasive manner through the eye. In the case of vision, the eye forms an extension of the brain with both organs consisting of neurons derived from the embryonic neural tube. The brain is specifically linked to the sense organs. Association of ophthalmic manifestations with neurogeneration Here, we review the underlying concepts and current published evidence to investigate and understand the association between HM and CIM. Moreover, many of these findings are equivocal. A review of the current literature shows that few studies have specifically addressed this issue, with most focusing on the relationships between neural morphology and function, using neuroimaging techniques. Thus, HM-associated VI may be linked to cognitive decline. These burdens could be reduced if the disorders could be timeously detected and suitably managed. Worse still, HM is expected to increase in prevalence to affect almost 1 billion individuals or 9.8% of the global population in 2050 ( 11).īoth VI and CIM are relatively common in the elderly and result in significant economic and social burdens. HM is the most common cause of blindness in some communities ( 9, 10). Of these, 277 million (4.0% of the overall population) suffer from high myopia (HM). Myopia is estimated to affect 28.3% (~2 billion individuals) of the world's population. This review discusses the role of visual impairment (VI) as a CIM risk factor ( 8). Thus, the identification of risk factors that could be addressed in the early stages of the disorder may be more effective than pharmaceutical strategies. There are limited treatments for dementia ( 7). AD and other types of dementia are ranked among the top 10 causes of death throughout the world and were ranked third over North and South America and Europe in 2019 by the WHO in 2020.ĬIM currently ranks fifth in causes of disability in the elderly ( 4), leading to often severe challenges, including economic and social as well as psychological and physical burdens to the patients, families, and communities ( 5, 6). Currently, approximately 6.2 million people in the USA are thought to suffer from Alzheimer's disease (AD) ( 3), and this could increase to 13.8 million by 2060 without the development of new treatments for the disease ( 3). CIM is the typical symptom of Alzheimer's dementia. The prevalence of cognitive impairment (CIM) is estimated to triple by 2050 ( 1), as the proportion of the population over the age of 60 is predicted to reach 2 billion people by 2050 ( 2).
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